Vincent Price NFT In The Book Of Pop

Vincent Leonard Price Jr. (May 27, 1911 – October 25, 1993) was an American actor best known for his performances in horror films, although his career spanned other genres. He appeared on stage, television, and radio, and in more than 100 films. He has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, one for motion pictures and one for television.[1]

His first film role was as leading man in the 1938 comedy Service de Luxe. Price became well known as a character actor, appearing in films such as The Song of Bernadette (1943), Laura (1944), The Keys of the Kingdom (1944), Leave Her to Heaven (1945), Dragonwyck (1946), and The Ten Commandments (1956). He established himself as a recognizable horror-movie star after his leading role in House of Wax (1953). He subsequently starred in other successful or cult horror films, including The Fly (1958), House on Haunted Hill (1959), The Tingler (1959), The Last Man on Earth (1964), Witchfinder General (1968), The Abominable Dr. Phibes (1971), and Theatre of Blood (1973). He was particularly known for his collaborations with Roger Corman on Edgar Allan Poeadaptations such as House of Usher(1960), The Pit and the Pendulum(1961), and The Masque of the Red Death (1964). Price occasionally appeared on television series, such as in Batman as Egghead.

In his later years, he voiced the villainous Professor Ratigan in Disney's classic animated film The Great Mouse Detective (1986), and appeared in the drama The Whales of August (1987), which earned him an Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Malenomination and Tim Burton’s Edward Scissorhands (1990), his last theatrical release. For his contributions to cinema, especially to genre films, he has received lifetime achievement or special tribute awards from Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films, Fantasporto, Bram Stoker Awards, and Los Angeles Film Critics Association.

Price narrated several animation films,

radio dramas and documentaries, as well as the monologue on Michael Jackson's song "Thriller". For his voice work in Great American Speeches (1959), he was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album.

Price was also an art collector and arts consultant, with a degree in art history, and he lectured and wrote books on the subject. The Vincent Price Art Museumat East Los Angeles College is named in his honor.[2] He was also a noted gourmet cook.[3]

Early life and career

Price was born on May 27, 1911, in St. Louis, Missouri, the youngest of the four children of Vincent Leonard Price Sr., president of the National Candy Company,[4] and his wife Marguerite Cobb (née Wilcox) Price.[2] His grandfather was Vincent Clarence Price, who invented "Dr. Price's Baking Powder", the first cream of tartar–based baking powder, and it secured the family's fortune.[5]Price was of Welsh[6] and English descent and was a descendant of Peregrine White, the first white child born in colonial Massachusetts, being born on the Mayflower while it was in Provincetown Harbor.

Price attended the St. Louis Country Day School and Milford Academy in Milford, Connecticut.[7] In 1933, he graduated with a degree in English and a minor in art history from Yale University,[8] where he worked on the campus humor magazine The Yale Record.[9] After teaching for a year, he entered the Courtauld Institute of Art in London, intending to study for a master's degree in fine arts. Instead, he was drawn to the theater, first appearing on stage professionally in 1934. His acting career began in London in 1935, performing with Orson Welles's Mercury Theatre.[10]

In 1936, Price appeared as Prince Albert[11] in the American production of Laurence Housman's play Victoria Regina, which starred Helen Hayes in the title role of Queen Victoria.[12]

Introduction to film roles

Price started out in films as a character actor. He made his film debut in Service de Luxe (1938), and established himself in the film Laura (1944), opposite Gene Tierney, directed by Otto Preminger.[13] He played Joseph Smith in the movie Brigham Young (1940) and William Gibbs McAdoo in Wilson (1944), as well as Bernadette's prosecutor, Vital Dutour, in The Song of Bernadette (1943), and as a pretentious priest in The Keys of the Kingdom (1944).

His first venture into the horror genre, for which he later became best known, was in the Boris Karloff film Tower of London (1939). The following year, Price portrayed the title character in The Invisible Man Returns (a role he reprised in a voice-only cameo in the closing scene of the horror-comedy spoof Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein released in 1948). [1] Price reunited with Tierney in Leave Her to Heaven (1945) and Dragonwyck (1946). He also had many villainous roles in film noir thrillers such as The Web (1947), The Long Night(1947), Rogues' Regiment (1948), and The Bribe (1949), with Robert Taylor, Ava Gardner, and Charles Laughton.

Play media House on Haunted Hill (full film)

His first starring role was as con man James Reavis in the biopic The Baron of Arizona (1950). He did a comedic turn as the tycoon Burnbridge Waters, co-starring with Ronald Colman in Champagne for Caesar (also 1950), one of his favorite film roles.[10]

He was active in radio, portraying the Robin Hood-inspired crime-fighter Simon Templar in The Saint, which ran from 1947 to 1951. In the 1950s, Price moved into more regular horror-film roles with the leading role in House of Wax (1953) as a homicidal sculptor,[14] the first three-dimensional film to land in the year's top 10 at the North American box office. His next roles were The Mad Magician(1954), the monster movie The Fly (1958), and its sequel Return of the Fly(1959). That same year, he starred in two thrillers by producer-director William Castle: House on Haunted Hill as eccentric millionaire Fredrick Loren, and The Tingler as Dr. Warren Chapin, who discovered the titular creature. He appeared in the radio drama Three Skeleton Key, the story of an island lighthouse besieged by an army of rats. He first performed the work in 1950 on Escape and returned to it in 1956 and 1958 for Suspense.[15]

Outside the horror realm, Price played Baka (the master builder) in The Ten Commandments released in 1956. About this time, he also appeared in episodes of a number of television shows, including Science Fiction Theatre, Playhouse 90, and General Electric Theater. In the 1955–56 television season, he was cast three times on the religion anthology series Crossroads. In the 1955 episode "Cleanup", Price portrayed the Reverend Robert Russell. In 1956, he was cast as Rabbi Gershom Mendes Seixas in "The Rebel", and as the Rev. Alfred W. Price in "God's Healing".

1960s

In the 1960s, Price achieved a number of low-budget filmmaking successes with Roger Corman[16] and American International Pictures (AIP) starting with the House of Usher (1960), which earned over $2 million at the box office in the United States[17] and led to the subsequent Edgar Allan Poe adaptations of The Pit and the Pendulum (1961), Tales of Terror (1962), The Comedy of Terrors(1963), The Raven (1963), The Masque of the Red Death (1964),[16] and The Tomb of Ligeia (1964).[18] He starred in The Last Man on Earth (1964), the first adaptation of the Richard Matheson novel I Am Legend, and portrayed witch hunter Matthew Hopkins in Witchfinder General (US: The Conqueror Worm, 1968) set during the English Civil War.[19] He starred in comedy films such as Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine (1965) and its sequel Dr. Goldfoot and the Girl Bombs (1966). In 1968, he played the part of an eccentric artist in the musical Darling of the Day, opposite Patricia Routledge.[20]

In the 1960s, Price began his role as a guest on the television game show Hollywood Squares, becoming a semiregular in the 1970s, including being one of the guest panelists on the finale in 1980.[21]

Price made many guest-star appearances in television shows during the decade, including The Red Skelton Show, Daniel Boone, F Troop, Get Smart, The Man from U.N.C.L.E., and Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea. He had a recurring role in the Batman TV series as the villain Egghead from 1966 to 1967. In 1964, he provided the narration for the Tombstone Historama in Tombstone, Arizona, which was still in operation as of 2016.[22] He also starred as the host of the Australian TV series If These Walls Could Speak, in which a short history of a historical building (supposedly narrated by the building itself) was covered, and as the narrating voice of the building.

Later career

During the early 1970s, Price hosted and starred in BBC Radio's horror and mystery series The Price of Fear. He accepted a cameo part in the Canadian children's television program The Hilarious House of Frightenstein (1971) in Hamilton, Ontario, on the local television station CHCH. In addition to the opening and closing monologues, his role in the show was to recite poems about various characters, sometimes wearing a cloak or other costumes.[23]

In 1969, Price recorded Witchcraft, Magic: An Adventure in Demonology, a double album on the history and practice of witchcraft, including folk legends, references to witches in literature and art, facts on communication with spirits, demonology and necromancy, some herbal recipes, and an introduction to the Wicca faith.[citation needed]

Price appeared in The Abominable Dr. Phibes (1971), its sequel Dr. Phibes Rises Again (1972), and Theatre of Blood (1973), in which he portrayed one of two serial killers. That same year, he appeared as himself in Mooch Goes to Hollywood, a film written by Jim Backus. He was an admirer of the works of Edgar Allan Poe, and in 1975 visited the Edgar Allan Poe Museum (Richmond, Virginia), where he had his picture taken with the museum's popular stuffed raven.[24]

Price recorded dramatic readings of Poe's short stories and poems, which were collected together with readings by Basil Rathbone. In 1975, Price and his wife Coral Browne appeared together in an international stage adaptation of Ardèle, which played in the US and in London at the Queen's Theatre. During this run, Browne and Price starred together in the BBC Radio play Night of the Wolf first airing in 1975.[25] He greatly reduced his film work from around 1975, as horror itself suffered a slump, and he increased his narrative and voice work, as well as advertising Milton Bradley's Shrunken Head Apple Sculpture.[26]

Price provided a monologue for the Alice Cooper song The Black Widow in 1975, and he appeared in the corresponding TV special Alice Cooper: The Nightmare. He starred for a year in the early 1970s in the syndicated daily radio program Tales of the Unexplained. He made guest appearances in a 1970 episode of Here's Lucy, showcasing his art expertise, and in a 1972 episode of ABC's The Brady Bunch, in which he played a deranged archaeologist. In October 1976, he appeared as the featured guest in an episode of The Muppet Show.

In 1976, Price recorded a cover of Bobby "Boris" Pickett's "Monster Mash" as a 45-rpm single, putting his voice to a backing track laid down in London by record producers Bob Newby and Ken Weston. It was released on both sides of the Atlantic later that year without much success.[citation needed] In 1977, he began performing as Oscar Wilde in the one-man stage play Diversions and Delights, written by John Gay and directed by Joe Hardy, and set in a Parisian theatre on a night about one year before Wilde's death. The original tour of the play was a success in every city except for New York City. In the summer of 1979, Price performed the role of Wilde at the Tabor Opera House in Leadville, Colorado, on the same stage from which Wilde had spoken to miners about art some 96 years before. He eventually performed the play worldwide.[5] Victoria Price stated in her biography of her father that several members of Price's family and friends thought that this was his best acting performance.[5]

In 1979, Price starred with his wife in the short-lived CBS TV series Time Express. In 1979, he hosted the hour-long amusement-park and roller-coaster television special America Screams, riding on many of the roller coasters himself and recounting their history.[citation needed] During 1979–1980, he hosted the "Mystery Night" segment of the radio series Sears Radio Theater.

Price on the red carpet at the 1989 Academy Awards

In 1982, Price provided the narrator's voice in Vincent,Tim Burton's six-minute film about a young boy who flashes from reality into a fantasy where he is Vincent Price.[27] He appeared as Sir Despard Murgatroyd in a 1982 television production of Gilbert and Sullivan's Ruddigore (with Keith Michell as Robin Oakapple). In 1982, Price provided the spoken-word sequence to the end of the Michael Jackson song "Thriller".[28] In 1983, he played the Sinister Man in the British spoof horror film Bloodbath at the House of Death. He appeared in House of the Long Shadows with Christopher Lee, Peter Cushing, and John Carradine. He had worked with each of those actors at least once in previous decades, but this was the first time that all had teamed up. One of his last major roles, and one of his favorites, was as the voice of Professor Ratigan in Walt Disney Pictures' The Great Mouse Detective in 1986.[29]

From 1981 to 1989, Price hosted the PBS television series Mystery! In 1985, he provided voice talent on the Hanna-Barbera series The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo as the mysterious "Vincent Van Ghoul" who aided Scooby-Doo, Scrappy-Doo, and the gang in recapturing 13 demons. He was a lifelong fan of roller coasters, and he narrated a 1987 30-minute documentary on the history of roller coasters and amusement parks including Coney Island. During this time (1985–1989), he appeared in horror-themed commercials for Tilex bathroom cleanser.

In 1984, Price appeared in Shelley Duvall's live-action series Faerie Tale Theatreas the Mirror in "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs", and the narrator for "The Boy Who Left Home to Find Out About the Shivers". In 1987, he starred with Bette Davis, Lillian Gish, and Ann Sothern in The Whales of August, a story of two sisters living in Maine facing the end of their days. His performance in The Whales of August earned the only award nomination of his career, an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.[30]

In 1989, Price was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame.[31] His last significant film work was as the inventor in Tim Burton's Edward Scissorhands(1990).[32]

In 1990, Price recorded the narration as the Phantom for Disneyland Paris's Phantom Manor. After the attraction opened in 1992, though, the narration was shortly removed and replaced with one entirely in French, performed by Gérard Chevalier. Only Price's infamous laughter remained on the soundtrack. In 2018, during Phantom Manor's major renovation, parts of Price's narration were announced to be restored to the soundtrack of the attraction. Since the 2019 reopening, the new tracks are dual-language; Price's original excerpts as well as previously unused material from his 1990 recording comprise the English-speaking portions, while actor Bernard Alane voices the Phantom in French.

Art

Price, who studied art history (along with English) at Yale, was an art lover and collector. He was a commissioner of the Indian Arts and Crafts Board.[33]

In 1957, impressed by the spirit of the students and the community's need for the opportunity to experience original art works first hand, Vincent and Mary Grant Price donated 90 pieces from their private collection and a large amount of money to establish the Vincent Price Art Museum at East Los Angeles Collegein Monterey Park, California,[34] which was the first "teaching art collection" owned by a community college in the United States. They ultimately donated some 2,000 pieces; the collection contains over 9,000 pieces and has been valued in excess of $5 million.[35]

Price also spent time working as an art consultant for Sears-Roebuck:[10] From 1962 to 1971, Sears offered the "Vincent Price Collection of Fine Art", selling about 50,000 fine-art prints to the general public. Works which Price selected or commissioned for the collection included some by Rembrandt, Pablo Picasso, and Salvador Dalí.[36][37] Public access to fine art was important to Price, who according to his daughter Victoria, saw the Sears deal as an "opportunity to put his populist beliefs into practice, to bring art to the American public."[38]

Price amassed his own extensive collection of art, and in 2008, a painting bought for $25 by a couple from Dallas was identified as a piece from Price's collection. Painted by leading Australian modernist Grace Cossington Smith, it was given a modern valuation of AU$45,000.[39]

Cooking

Price was a gourmet cook, and he authored several cookbooks with his second wife, Mary. These include:

• A Treasury of Great Recipes (1965)

• Mary and Vincent Price present a National Treasury of Cookery (1967)

• Mary and Vincent Price's Come into the Kitchen Cook Book: A Collector's Treasury of America's Great Recipes (1969)

• Cooking Price-Wise with Vincent Price (1971)

Mary and Vincent Price present a National Treasury of Cookery was a five-volume series, packaged in a boxed set and published by the Heirloom Publishing Company. These five books were combined into a single book two years later and published as Mary and Vincent Price's Come into the Kitchen Cook Book: A Collector's Treasury of America's Great Recipes. Most of the Prices' cookbooks remained in print throughout the 1970s. After being out of print for several decades, two of their books were reprinted; A Treasury of Great Recipes (in August 2015 by Calla Editions) and Mary and Vincent Price's Come into the Kitchen Cook Book (in November 2016 by Calla Editions), both featuring new forewords by their daughter Victoria Price. Cooking Price-Wise with Vincent Price was scheduled to be reprinted by Dover Publishing in October 2017 under the updated title Cooking Price-Wise – The Original Foodie.

In 1971, Price hosted his own cooking program on British TV, called Cooking Price-Wise produced for the ITV network by Thames Television, which was broadcast in April and May 1971. This show gave its name to Price's fourth and final cookbook later that year. Price promoted his cookbooks on many talk shows, one of the most famous instances being the November 21, 1975, broadcast of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, when he demonstrated how to poach a fish in a dishwasher.

Price recorded a number of audio cooking tutorials titled International Cooking Course. These were titled Bounty of Paradise, Classical Spanish Cuisine, Cuisina Italiana, Delights from the Sultan's Pantry, Dinner at the Casbah, Dining at Versailles, Exotic Delights from the Far East, Food of the Gods, Foods from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, La Cocina Mejicana, The Bard's Board, and The Wok. In addition to those, he recorded an audio wine course titled Wine Is Elegance. These audio recordings were released on 33⅓ LPs by Nelson Industries in 1977, and were also packaged in a 12-cassette boxed set titled Beverly Hills Cookbook – Cookbook of the Rich and Famous, Your Host Mr. Vincent Price.[citation needed]

In August 1982, he co-hosted A Taste of China for Britain's Thames Television/ITV over five episodes. He also prepared a fish recipe on Wolfgang Puck's Cooking with Wolfgang Puck VHS, released in October 1987 by Warner Home Video.

Personal life

Price married three times. His first marriage was in 1938 to former actress Edith Barrett; they had one son, poet and columnist Vincent Barrett Price. Edith and Price divorced in 1948. Price married Mary Grant in 1949, and they had a daughter, inspirational speaker Victoria Price on April 27, 1962,[40] naming her after Price's first major success in the play Victoria Regina.[41] The marriage lasted until 1973. He married Australian actress Coral Browne in 1974; she had appeared as one of his victims in Theatre of Blood (1973). The marriage lasted until her death in 1991.

His daughter's biography Vincent Price: A Daughter's Biography (1999) details Price's early antisemitism[42] and initial admiration for Adolf Hitler. According to his daughter: "When he went to Germany and Austria as a young man, he was struck by a lot of things going on during the Weimar Republic and the disillusion of the empire... So when Hitler came into power, instead of seeing him as a dangerous force, he was sort of swept up in this whole idea that Hitler was going to bring German pride back."[43] However, Price became a liberal after becoming friends with New York intellectuals such as Dorothy Parker and Lillian Hellman in the 1930s,[43] so much so that he was "greylisted" under McCarthyism in the 1950s, for having been a prewar "premature anti-Nazi", and after being unable to find work for a year, agreed to requests by the FBI that he sign a "secret oath" to save his career.[44][45] His daughter said that her father became so liberal that "one of my brother's earliest memories is when Franklin Roosevelt's death was announced, my father fell backwards off the sofa sobbing."[43]

Price denounced racial and religious prejudice as a form of poison at the end of an episode of The Saint,[46] which aired on NBC Radio on July 30, 1950,[47]claiming that Americans must actively fight against it because racial and religious prejudice within the United States fuels support for the nation's enemies.[48] He was later appointed to the Indian Arts and Crafts Board under the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration; he called the appointment "kind of a surprise, since I am a Democrat".[49] He was supportive of his daughter when she came out as a lesbian, and he was critical of Anita Bryant's antigay-rights campaign in the 1970s.[50][51][52][53]

Death

Price suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Parkinson's disease. His symptoms were especially severe during the filming of Edward Scissorhands, making cutting his filming schedule short a necessity.

His illness also contributed to his retirement from Mystery! in 1989. He died at age 82 of lung cancer on October 25, 1993, at his home in Los Angeles.[2]

His remains were cremated and his ashes scattered off Point Dume in Malibu, California.

Legacy

The A&E Network aired an episode of Biography the night following Price's death, highlighting his horror-film career, but because of its failure to clear copyrights, the show was never aired again. Four years later, A&E produced its updated episode, a show titled Vincent Price: The Versatile Villain, which aired on October 12, 1997. The script was by Lucy Chase Williams, author of The Complete Films of Vincent Price.[54] In early 1991, Tim Burton was developing a personal documentary with the working title Conversations with Vincent, in which interviews with Price were shot at the Vincent Price Gallery, but the project was never completed and was eventually shelved.[55]

Rhythmeen, the ZZ Top album from 1996, includes a track named "Vincent Price Blues".

Price was an honorary board member and strong supporter of the Witch's Dungeon Classic Movie Museum in Bristol, Connecticut until his death in 1993. The museum features detailed life-sized wax replicas of characters from some of Price's films, including The Fly, The Abominable Dr. Phibes, and The Masque of the Red Death.[56] A black-box theater at Price's alma mater, Mary Institute and St. Louis Country Day School, is named after him.

Director Tim Burton directed a short stop-motion film as a tribute to Vincent Price called Vincent, about a young boy named Vincent Malloy who is obsessed with the grim and macabre. It is narrated by Price. "Vincent Twice, Vincent Twice" was a parody on Sesame Street. He was parodied in an episode of The Simpsons ("Sunday, Cruddy Sunday"). Price had his own Spitting Image puppet, who was always trying to be "sinister" and lure people into his ghoulish traps, only for his victims to point out all the obvious flaws.

Starting in November 2005, featured cast member Bill Hader of the NBC sketch comedy/variety show Saturday Night Live has played Price in a recurring sketch in which Price hosts botched holiday specials filled with celebrities of the 1950s/'60s. Other cast members who played Price on SNL include Dan Aykroydand Michael McKean (who played Price when he hosted a season-10 episode and again when he was hired as a cast member for the 1994–95 season).

In 1999, a frank and detailed biography about Price written by his daughter, Victoria, was published by St. Martin's Press. In late May 2011, an event was held by the organization Cinema St. Louis to celebrate what would have been Price's 100th birthday. It included a public event with Victoria at the Missouri History Museum and a showcase of ephemeral and historic items at the gallery inside the Sheldon Concert Hall.[57][58]

In an unusual convergence of widely different generational and cultural backgrounds, the genteel Price was a friend of the English hard rock band Deep Purple, and in 1975, he appeared on Roger Glover's live version of The Butterfly Ball and the Grasshopper's Feast as a narrator.[59] Decades later, in 2013, Deep Purple released "Vincent Price", a single the band members dedicated to him.[59] That same year, American director and writer John Waters composed a "heartfelt and appreciative" retrospective on Price for Turner Classic Movies, which recognized the actor as its "Star of the Month" in October 2013 and showcased then a selection of his most popular films.[60] The tribute was repeatedly broadcast on TCM to promote and complement those televised presentations. In sharing with viewers his feelings about Price, Waters at one point describes the actor's screen appeal, especially when he was featured in his darker roles:

One raise of his eyebrow and you knew you were about to be thrilled by a debonair, evil, yet sympathetic villain...I can't imagine these films without Vincent Price in them. He was just a fine actor, never pretentious. The audiences that went to see him were all-inclusive, from the poorest people to the richest. Nobody disliked him. Vincent Price was classless, even though he was classy, an exaggerated gentleman. He gave upscale a good name, and he was always handsome, dignified, charming, and a little bit sinister.[60]

Filmography

Main article: List of Vincent Price works

Radio appearances

YearProgramEpisode/source1946Suspense"The Name of the Beast"[61]1946Lux Radio TheatreDragonwyck[62]1946Hollywood Star TimeThe Song of Bernadette[63]1973The Price of FearEpisode 1 to 22[64]1977Aliens in the Mind SF/Horror drama series, BBC Radio 4

Books

• Price, Vincent (1959). I Like What I Know – A Visual Autobiography. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. ISBN 9781504042161.

• Price, Vincent (1961). The book of Joe; about a dog and his man. Doubleday. OCLC 1292943.

• Price, Mary; Price, Vincent (1965). A Treasury of Great Recipes. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. Bernard Geis Associates. ISBN 9781121111134.

• Price, Vincent; Price, Mary Grant (1967). Mary and Vincent Price Present A National Treasury of Cookery. Heirloom Publishing Company. OCLC 1450485.

• Price, Vincent; Price, Mary Grant (1969). Come Into the Kitchen Cook Book: A Collector's Treasury of America's Great Recipes. Stravon Educational Press. ISBN 0873960203.

• Price, Vincent (1971). Cooking Price-wise with Vincent Price. Corgi Children's. ISBN 0552086657.

• The Vincent Price treasury of American art. Online Computer Library Center, Inc. 1972. ISBN 9780872940314. OCLC 539027.

• Price, Vincent (1978). Vincent Price: His Movies, His Plays, His Life. Doubleday & Co. ISBN 0385115946.

Introductions to Works by Others

• Peter Haining (ed). The Ghouls. NY: Stein and Day, 1971.

• Tom Hutchinson. Horror and Fantasy in the Movies. NY: Crescent Books, 1974.

Audio books

• Price, Vincent (1974). A Graveyard Of Ghost Tales. Caedmon Records (TC 1420) (LP record (57 minutes)).

POPOLOGICAL References

1. "Vincent Price - Hollywood Star Walk". projects.latimes.com. Retrieved August 4, 2017.

2. ^ a b c Peter B. Flint (October 27, 1993). "Vincent Price, Noted Actor Of Dark Roles, Dies at 82". The New York Times. Retrieved October 27, 2014. Vincent Price, the suavely menacing star of countless low-budget but often stylish Gothic horror films, died at his home in Los Angeles on Monday. He was 82 years old and died of lung cancer, said a personal assistant, Reggie Williams. ...

3. McCarthy, Erin (March 28, 2014). "Vincent Price was a Gourmet Cook". Mental Floss. ISSN 1543-4702. OCLC 48211285.

4. National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Louis. See no 65 on this list. Photo, 2013.File:National Candy Co 2013 0928 NRHP in StLouis 31.jpg

5. ^ a b c Victoria Price (1999). Vincent Price: A Daughter's Biography. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 978-0312267896.

6. Vincent Price: A Daughter's Biography by Victoria Price, published by 'Open Road Distribution', ISBN 1497649447, pages 5, 10, 49

7. McDonald, Shawn. "Milford Academy – History". Milfordacademy.org. Retrieved November 19, 2017.

8. Price, Victoria (1999). Vincent Price: A Daughter's Biography. St. Martins Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-0312242732.

9. Price, Victoria (1999). Vincent Price: A Daughter's Biography. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 40.

10. ^ a b c "Vincent Price". Biography.com. Retrieved March 7, 2014.

11. "Victoria Regina cast list". IBDB.com. Retrieved October 19, 2015.

12. "'Victoria Regina' Playbill Facsimile". Performingartsarchive.com. Retrieved March 7, 2014.

13. "Vincent Price profile". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved November 18,2017.

14. Flint, Peter B. (October 26, 1993). "Vincent Price, a Suave but Menacing Film Presence, Is Dead at 82". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 18, 2018.

15. One Act Virtual Museum, oneact.org; retrieved: May 20, 2012.

16. ^ a b Maçek III, J.C. (October 23, 2013). "Vincent Price: The Poe Cycle". PopMatters.

17. Egan, Thomas, Kate, Sarah (2012). Cult Film Stardom: Offbeat Attractions and Processes of Cultification. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 112. ISBN 978-0230293694.

18. "Vincent Price | American actor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved January 18, 2018.

19. Vincent Price at the BFI's Screenonline

20. Vincent Price at the Internet Broadway Database

21. "Hollywood Squares on June 20, 1980". Hollywood Squares. June 20, 1980. NBC.

22. "Historama". Tombstone, Arizona: Roadside America. Retrieved July 24,2016.

23. "CH TV Hamilton History". canada.com. Archived from the original on January 29, 2006. Retrieved January 29, 2007.

24. Curran, Colleen. "Poe Museum celebrates Edgar Allan Poe with the International Poe Film Festival". Richmond.com. Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved September 23, 2016.

25. Night of the Wolf details, genome.ch.bbc.co.uk; accessed January 23, 2016.

26. "Silly Vintage Monster Toys". X-Entertainment. Archived from the originalon February 9, 2013. Retrieved October 7, 2012.

27. "Watch Vincent, Tim Burton's Animated Tribute to Vincent Price & Edgar Allan Poe (1982)". Open Culture. Retrieved August 4, 2017.

28. Peter Lyle (November 25, 2007). "Michael Jackson's monster smash". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved January 24, 2010.

29. "Overview for Vincent Price". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved January 18,2018.

30. "Vincent Price". The New York Times. 2013. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved November 18, 2017.

31. St. Louis Walk of Fame. "St. Louis Walk of Fame Inductees". stlouiswalkoffame.org. Retrieved April 25, 2013.

32. Vincent, Alice (December 7, 2016). "Edward Scissorhands: 10 things you didn't know about the film that made Johnny Depp a Hollywood star". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved January 18, 2018.

33. Price, Vincent (1959). I Like What I Know : A Visual Autobiography. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company. p. 241.

34. "History of the Vincent Price Art Museum". Archived from the original on October 12, 2010.

35. Aug. 1992 interview by the Smithsonian, Siris-archives.si.edu (October 25, 1993); retrieved November 3, 2011.

36. "Sears and Fine Art: Vincent Price Collection of Fine Art", Searsarchives.com; retrieved November 3, 2011.

37. Kells, Laura J.; Colton, Paul; and Jackson, Allyson, "Vincent Price. A Register of His Papers in the Library of Congress". Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC. (1994). Latest revision: 2006 April

38. Price, Victoria (1999). Vincent Price: A Daughter's Biography. St. Martins Press. p. 223. ISBN 978-0312242732.

39. "$45,000 painting bought for just $US25", The Australian, August 15, 2008.

40. Price, Victoria (1999). Vincent Price: A Daughter's Biography. St. Martins Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-0312242732.

41. Profile, Vincentprice.org; retrieved October 10, 2012.

42. "Vincent Price: A Daughter's Biography". EW.com. October 22, 1999. Retrieved May 4, 2020.

43. ^ a b c "SOME SCARY SECRETS IN VINCENT PRICE BIOGRAPHY". South Florida SunSentinal. October 15, 1999. Retrieved November 19, 2020.

44. "Vincent Price: A Daughter's Biography". Victoria Price.

45. King, Susan (October 10, 2011). "Classic Hollywood: Vincent Price screenings at Aero, LACMA". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 19,2020.

46. Price. Wn.com; retrieved November 3, 2011.

47. "The Saint on Old-Time Radio", Saint.org; retrieved November 3, 2011.

48. "Vincent Price On Racism And Religious Prejudice". Youtube. Retrieved May 27, 2018.

49. Price, Victoria (April 1, 2011). Vincent Price: A Daughter's Biography. ISBN 9781429979481. Retrieved October 7, 2012.

50. Murphy, Colin (October 25, 2015). "Vincent Price's Daughter Confirms Her Famous Father Was Bisexual". Queerty. Retrieved August 4, 2017.

51. Price, Victoria (1999). Vincent Price: A Daughter's Biography. New York City: St. Martin's Press. p. 305. ISBN 978-0-312-24273-2.

52. Avery, Dan (October 22, 2015). "Vincent Price's Daughter Confirms He Was Bisexual—And A Pretty Awesome Dad". Logo. NewNowNext.com. Retrieved October 23, 2015.

53. Murphy, Colin (October 22, 2015). "Vincent Price's daughter confirms her father's bisexuality". LGBTQNation.com. Boom Magazine. Retrieved October 28, 2015.

54. Citadel Press, 1995

55. Hanke, Ken (1999). Tim Burton: an unauthorized biography of the filmmaker (1st ed.). Los Angeles, Calif: Renaissance Books. ISBN 978-1-58063-162-4.

56. "Preserve Hollywood". Preservehollywood.org. Retrieved November 13,2008.

57. Vincentennial: It's alive! by Joe Williams, Film Critic for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch/STLToday.com, April 18, 2011.

58. Patrick Clark, Sheldon Gallery Celebrates Vincent Price's 100th Birthday, KPLR11.com, April 19, 2011.

59. ^ a b "Ian Gillan: 'New Song Vincent Price Is Just A Bit Of Fun'". Contactmusic.com. May 29, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2017.

60. ^ a b "TCM Star of the Month Vincent Price October 2013 John Waters Retrospective", video copy, Turner Classic Movies, Atlanta, Georgia; originally posted on YouTube by SonOfASpaceApe, October 6, 2013. Retrieved September 6, 2019.

61. "Escape and Suspense!: Suspense – The Name of the Beast". Escape-suspense.com. Retrieved November 19, 2017.

62. "Theatre Date". Harrisburg Telegraph. October 5, 1946. p. 17. Retrieved October 1, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.

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64. "BBC Radio 4 Extra – The Price of Fear". BBC.

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Andy Warhol in the POPOLOGY® Book Of POP Royalty Pages / NFT

Andy Warhol

born Andrew Warhola;

August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was an American artist, film director, and producer who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. His works explore the relationship between artistic expression, advertising, and celebrity culture that flourished by the 1960s, and span a variety of media, including painting, silkscreening, photography, film, and sculpture. Some of his best known works include the silkscreen paintings Campbell's Soup Cans (1962) and Marilyn Diptych (1962), the experimental films Empire (1964) and Chelsea Girls (1966), and the multimedia events known as the Exploding Plastic Inevitable (1966–67).

Born and raised in Pittsburgh, Warhol initially pursued a successful career as a commercial illustrator. After exhibiting his work in several galleries in the late 1950s, he began to receive recognition as an influential and controversial artist. His New York studio, The Factory, became a well-known gathering place that brought together distinguished intellectuals, drag queens, playwrights, Bohemian street people, Hollywoodcelebrities, and wealthy patrons.[2][3][4] He promoted a collection of personalities known as Warhol superstars, and is credited with inspiring the widely used expression "15 minutes of fame". In the late 1960s he managed and produced the experimental rock band The Velvet Underground and founded Interview magazine. He authored numerous books, including The Philosophy of Andy Warhol and Popism: The Warhol Sixties. He lived openly as a gay man before the gay liberation movement. In June 1968, he was almost killed by radical feminist Valerie Solanas who shot him inside his studio.[5]

After gallbladder surgery, Warhol died of cardiac arrhythmia in February 1987 at the age of 58.

Warhol has been the subject of numerous retrospective exhibitions, books, and feature and documentary films. The Andy Warhol Museum in his native city of Pittsburgh, which holds an extensive permanent collection of art and archives, is the largest museum in the United States dedicated to a single artist. Many of his creations are very collectible and highly valuable. The highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is US$105 million for a 1963 canvas titled Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster); his works include some of the most expensive paintings ever sold.[6] A 2009 article in The Economist described Warhol as the "bellwetherof the art market".[7]

1950s

Warhol's early career was dedicated to commercial and advertising art, where his first commission had been to draw shoes for Glamour magazine in the late 1940s.[23] In the 1950s, Warhol worked as a designer for shoe manufacturer Israel Miller.[23][24]American photographer John Coplans recalled that

nobody drew shoes the way Andy did. He somehow gave each shoe a temperament of its own, a sort of sly, Toulouse-Lautrec kind of sophistication, but the shape and the style came through accurately and the buckle was always in the right place. The kids in the apartment [which Andy shared in New York – note by Coplans] noticed that the vamps on Andy's shoe drawings kept getting longer and longer but [Israel] Miller didn't mind. Miller loved them.

Warhol's "whimsical" ink drawings of shoe advertisements figured in some of his earliest showings at the Bodley Gallery in New York.

Warhol was an early adopter of the silk screen printmaking process as a technique for making paintings. A young Warhol was taught silk screen printmaking techniques by Max Arthur Cohn at his graphic arts business in Manhattan.[25] While working in the shoe industry, Warhol developed his "blotted line" technique, applying ink to paper and then blotting the ink while still wet, which was akin to a printmaking process on the most rudimentary scale. His use of tracing paper and ink allowed him to repeat the basic image and also to create endless variations on the theme, a method that prefigures his 1960s silk-screen canvas.[23] In his book Popism: The Warhol Sixties, Warhol writes: "When you do something exactly wrong, you always turn up something."[26]

Warhol habitually used the expedient of tracing photographs projected with an epidiascope.[27] Using prints by Edward Wallowitch, his 'first boyfriend'[28] the photographs would undergo a subtle transformation during Warhol's often cursory tracing of contours and hatching of shadows. Warhol used Wallowitch's photograph Young Man Smoking a Cigarette (c.1956),[29] for a 1958 design for a book cover he submitted to Simon and Schuster for the Walter Ross pulp novel The Immortal, and later used others for his dollar bill series,[30][31] and for Big Campbell's Soup Can with Can Opener (Vegetable), of 1962 which initiated Warhol's most sustained motif, the soup can.

With the rapid expansion of the record industry, RCA Records hired Warhol, along with another freelance artist, Sid Maurer, to design album covers and promotional materials.[32]

1960s

Warhol (left) and Tennessee Williams(right) talking on the SS France, 1967.

He began exhibiting his work during the 1950s. He held exhibitions at the Hugo Gallery[33] and the Bodley Gallery[34] in New York City; in California, his first West Coast gallery exhibition[35][36] was on July 9, 1962, in the Ferus Gallery of Los Angeles with Campbell's Soup Cans. The exhibition marked his West Coast debut of pop art.[37] Andy Warhol's first New York solo pop art exhibition was hosted at Eleanor Ward's Stable GalleryNovember 6–24, 1962. The exhibit included the works Marilyn Diptych, 100 Soup Cans, 100 Coke Bottles, and 100 Dollar Bills. At the Stable Gallery exhibit, the artist met for the first time poet John Giorno who would star in Warhol's first film, Sleep, in 1963.[38]

It was during the 1960s that Warhol began to make paintings of iconic American objects such as dollar bills, mushroom clouds, electric chairs, Campbell's Soup Cans, Coca-Cola bottles, celebrities such as Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley, Marlon Brando, Troy Donahue, Muhammad Ali, and Elizabeth Taylor, as well as newspaper headlines or photographs of police dogs attacking African-American protesters during the Birmingham campaign in the civil rights movement. During these years, he founded his studio, "The Factory" and gathered about him a wide range of artists, writers, musicians, and underground celebrities. His work became popular and controversial. Warhol had this to say about Coca-Cola:

What's great about this country is that America started the tradition where the richest consumers buy essentially the same things as the poorest. You can be watching TV and see Coca-Cola, and you know that the President drinks Coca-Cola, Liz Taylor drinks Coca-Cola, and just think, you can drink Coca-Cola, too. A Coke is a Coke and no amount of money can get you a better Coke than the one the bum on the corner is drinking. All the Cokes are the same and all the Cokes are good. Liz Taylor knows it, the President knows it, the bum knows it, and you know it.[39]

Campbell's Soup I (1968)

New York City's Museum of Modern Art hosted a symposium on pop art in December 1962 during which artists such as Warhol were attacked for "capitulating" to consumerism. Critics were scandalized by Warhol's open embrace of market culture. This symposium set the tone for Warhol's reception.

A pivotal event was the 1964 exhibit The American Supermarket, a show held in Paul Bianchini's Upper East Side gallery.[40] The show was presented as a typical small supermarket environment, except that everything in it—from the produce, canned goods, meat, posters on the wall, etc.—was created by prominent pop artists of the time, among them were sculpture Claes Oldenburg, Mary Inman and Bob Watts.[40] Warhol designed a $12 paper shopping bag—plain white with a red Campbell's soup can.[40] His painting of a can of a Campbell's soup cost $1,500 while each autographed can sold for 3 for $18, $6.50 each.[40][41] The exhibit was one of the first mass events that directly confronted the general public with both pop art and the perennial question of what art is.[42]

Warhol between 1966 and 1977, photographed by Jack Mitchell

As an advertisement illustrator in the 1950s, Warhol used assistants to increase his productivity. Collaboration would remain a defining (and controversial) aspect of his working methods throughout his career; this was particularly true in the 1960s. One of the most important collaborators during this period was Gerard Malanga. Malanga assisted the artist with the production of silkscreens, films, sculpture, and other works at "The Factory", Warhol's aluminum foil-and-silver-paint-lined studio on 47th Street (later moved to Broadway). Other members of Warhol's Factory crowd included Freddie Herko, Ondine, Ronald Tavel, Mary Woronov, Billy Name, and Brigid Berlin (from whom he apparently got the idea to tape-record his phone conversations).[43]

During the 1960s, Warhol also groomed a retinue of bohemian and counterculture eccentrics upon whom he bestowed the designation "Superstars", including Nico, Joe Dallesandro, Edie Sedgwick, Viva, Ultra Violet, Holly Woodlawn, Jackie Curtis, and Candy Darling. These people all participated in the Factory films, and some—like Berlin—remained friends with Warhol until his death. Important figures in the New York underground art/cinema world, such as writer John Giorno and film-maker Jack Smith, also appear in Warhol films (many premiering at the New Andy Warhol Garrick Theatre and 55th Street Playhouse) of the 1960s, revealing Warhol's connections to a diverse range of artistic scenes during this time. Less well known was his support and collaboration with several teenagers during this era, who would achieve prominence later in life including writer David Dalton,[44] photographer Stephen Shore[45] and artist Bibbe Hansen (mother of pop musician Beck).[46]

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